Question 1: What do you like about the Argument and Discussion sections of this paper?
Question 2: What do you think could be improved in the Argument and Discussion sections?
Question 3: What specific feedback would you give this writer? Consider the assignment guidelines, the writer’s ability to communicate ideas clearly and the paper format.
Discussion
Overall, the evidence leads to further questions to explore. Implementing resilience
training will require support and involvement from administrative leaders, educators, and
managers. Even though the scope of this paper is directed towards nurses, there is realistically no limit to the potential audience that can benefit from some sort of resiliency training. This has
been demonstrated in an article by Leitch et al. (2009), where a resiliency building class was
introduced to a social services agency and remained open to any willing volunteers. According to numerous self-reported responses from research participants, resilience training has consistently helped reduce stress, enhance wellbeing, and teach effective coping strategies (Flarity et al.,
2013; Grabbe et al., 2020; Van Agteren et al., 2018). Furthermore, because the participants from
a number of studies had the motivation to actively explore methods to strengthen their
Overall, the evidence leads to further questions to explore. Implementing resilience
training will require support and involvement from administrative leaders, educators, and
managers. Even though the scope of this paper is directed towards nurses, there is realistically no limit to the potential audience that can benefit from some sort of resiliency training. This has
been demonstrated in an article by Leitch et al. (2009), where a resiliency building class was
introduced to a social services agency and remained open to any willing volunteers. According to numerous self-reported responses from research participants, resilience training has consistently helped reduce stress, enhance wellbeing, and teach effective coping strategies (Flarity et al.,
2013; Grabbe et al., 2020; Van Agteren et al., 2018). Furthermore, because the participants from
a number of studies had the motivation to actively explore methods to strengthen their
resilience by enrolling into the treatment group, this may play a biased role in falsely suggesting that resiliency training is beneficial to mental health.
For future research, instead of relying on the participants desire to be a part of the
treatment group in a study, the research should be completely randomized. More importantly
though, self-reported data has limitations because it is subjective. Using ordinal scales to rate
For future research, instead of relying on the participants desire to be a part of the
treatment group in a study, the research should be completely randomized. More importantly
though, self-reported data has limitations because it is subjective. Using ordinal scales to rate
9 ones level of stress is going to vary among each individual, since resiliency itself is different for everyone. Instead of self-reported data, objective data should be measured in order to determine if resilience training is effective. An example of this could be a research study that measures the participants stress hormone levels, cortisol.
There is no doubt that self-reported data is valuable given the area of interest. It would be
interesting to determine if there was a correlation between decreased cortisol levels and the
participants perceived stress level. The research study design could follow similar suits to what
has already been conducted, but using randomized control trials instead to further strengthen the evidence in the findings. Some studies, like Grabbe et al. (2020) or Van Agteren et al. (2018),
also have a smaller sample size of 40 participants. Clearly, the more participants there are in a
study, the more consistent the data becomes.
Suggesting that further research could be explored to objectively confirm the
effectiveness of resiliency training should not take place of implementing these types of classes
in healthcare settings. As mentioned before, self-reported data is valuable, for it is the individuals that determine if the resiliency workshops were worthwhile for them. The issue of nursing
burnout, especially in times of crisis, can and should be dealt with the tools that have been
There is no doubt that self-reported data is valuable given the area of interest. It would be
interesting to determine if there was a correlation between decreased cortisol levels and the
participants perceived stress level. The research study design could follow similar suits to what
has already been conducted, but using randomized control trials instead to further strengthen the evidence in the findings. Some studies, like Grabbe et al. (2020) or Van Agteren et al. (2018),
also have a smaller sample size of 40 participants. Clearly, the more participants there are in a
study, the more consistent the data becomes.
Suggesting that further research could be explored to objectively confirm the
effectiveness of resiliency training should not take place of implementing these types of classes
in healthcare settings. As mentioned before, self-reported data is valuable, for it is the individuals that determine if the resiliency workshops were worthwhile for them. The issue of nursing
burnout, especially in times of crisis, can and should be dealt with the tools that have been
shown to be effective already, which is resiliency training. Therefore, training classes can be
implemented and evaluated; while a team of researchers continue to study how resiliency
training influences other areas of measurements.
In order to put resilience building classes into practice, it is important to identify the
reason for it. Gathering data from past research, surveys, and employment may reveal effective
treatment methods, turnover rates, and the nurses self-perception of their mental health.
Assembling a team of nurses, educators, and administrators to analyze the data and understand
implemented and evaluated; while a team of researchers continue to study how resiliency
training influences other areas of measurements.
In order to put resilience building classes into practice, it is important to identify the
reason for it. Gathering data from past research, surveys, and employment may reveal effective
treatment methods, turnover rates, and the nurses self-perception of their mental health.
Assembling a team of nurses, educators, and administrators to analyze the data and understand
10 that the burnout issue warrants an intervention is the next step. After forming a team, initiate the resilience program to be taught by trained educators for interested nurses. Assessment of the data allows for evaluation of the programs effectiveness, and if not effective, can provide a direction for where change may be needed.
Argument
When analyzing the available literature, it becomes apparent that nurses who participate
in resiliency workshop programs experience decreased negative mental health outcomes while
working during acute crises. This is crucial to recognize because nursing burnout and
compassion fatigue is a public health issue that requires attention. The studies reviewed
demonstrate the effectiveness of holding seminars or classes to provide participants with skills
that promote well-being (Flarity et al., Grabbe et al., Maunder et al., Van Agteren et al.). Each
study mentioned here all had respectable sample sizes to assist in delivering consistent and
reliable data. An important variable to note is that there were no identical repeating interventions.
This means that each study conducted their own research by testing their own resiliency training course. Nevertheless, all interventions were built around similar concepts of building resilience
and developing healthy coping mechanisms. Since there are many factors that influence
resiliency, it is important to realize that not every intervention taught through the training
program will be effective for each individual. Still, there are a large portion of available studies
that suggest the effectiveness of offering workshops to help nurses build resilience.
Many of the literatures data were based on self-reporting by the participants. Baseline
measurements of burnout, compassion fatigue, resiliency, and well-being were taken prior to
interventions and results were measured after various time frames depending on the study. In one
particular study by Leitch et al. (2009), the treatment group experienced a 90-minute
When analyzing the available literature, it becomes apparent that nurses who participate
in resiliency workshop programs experience decreased negative mental health outcomes while
working during acute crises. This is crucial to recognize because nursing burnout and
compassion fatigue is a public health issue that requires attention. The studies reviewed
demonstrate the effectiveness of holding seminars or classes to provide participants with skills
that promote well-being (Flarity et al., Grabbe et al., Maunder et al., Van Agteren et al.). Each
study mentioned here all had respectable sample sizes to assist in delivering consistent and
reliable data. An important variable to note is that there were no identical repeating interventions.
This means that each study conducted their own research by testing their own resiliency training course. Nevertheless, all interventions were built around similar concepts of building resilience
and developing healthy coping mechanisms. Since there are many factors that influence
resiliency, it is important to realize that not every intervention taught through the training
program will be effective for each individual. Still, there are a large portion of available studies
that suggest the effectiveness of offering workshops to help nurses build resilience.
Many of the literatures data were based on self-reporting by the participants. Baseline
measurements of burnout, compassion fatigue, resiliency, and well-being were taken prior to
interventions and results were measured after various time frames depending on the study. In one
particular study by Leitch et al. (2009), the treatment group experienced a 90-minute
psychoeducation session. Researchers found significant improvements reported as participants
reported less psychological distress and PTSD symptoms, as well as greater resiliency (Leitch et al., 2009). This reoccurring theme of improving wellness through building resilience will reveal
the importance in implementing a similar training program in every health organization.
In a different study, Flarity et al. (2013) conducted a research with 73 participating nurses
and found positive improvements in all three areas of interest, compassion satisfaction, burnout,
and secondary traumatic stress. After coordinating a class to build resiliency for the treatment
group, results revealed that 10% of participants reported greater compassion satisfaction, 19%
reported fewer secondary traumatic stress symptoms, and 34% reported fewer burnout symptoms (Flarity et al., 2013). These numbers are reinforced by the participants stating that they have
learned how to better cope with compassion fatigue in healthy manners and they have the ability to build resilience to combat future exposure to compassion fatigue.
Reducing stress and burnout is just as important as preventing it. In another study,
researchers were interested in finding the result of implementing resilience training prior to a
crisis event, such as a pandemic (Aiello et al., 2011). After experiencing the SARS outbreak in
2003, researchers were wary of the devastating impact a pandemic can inflict on healthcare
workers, so a training program was developed within the hospital to prepare for a future
pandemic.
reported less psychological distress and PTSD symptoms, as well as greater resiliency (Leitch et al., 2009). This reoccurring theme of improving wellness through building resilience will reveal
the importance in implementing a similar training program in every health organization.
In a different study, Flarity et al. (2013) conducted a research with 73 participating nurses
and found positive improvements in all three areas of interest, compassion satisfaction, burnout,
and secondary traumatic stress. After coordinating a class to build resiliency for the treatment
group, results revealed that 10% of participants reported greater compassion satisfaction, 19%
reported fewer secondary traumatic stress symptoms, and 34% reported fewer burnout symptoms (Flarity et al., 2013). These numbers are reinforced by the participants stating that they have
learned how to better cope with compassion fatigue in healthy manners and they have the ability to build resilience to combat future exposure to compassion fatigue.
Reducing stress and burnout is just as important as preventing it. In another study,
researchers were interested in finding the result of implementing resilience training prior to a
crisis event, such as a pandemic (Aiello et al., 2011). After experiencing the SARS outbreak in
2003, researchers were wary of the devastating impact a pandemic can inflict on healthcare
workers, so a training program was developed within the hospital to prepare for a future
pandemic.