States Appearedpowerful Local Kingdoms 80 World H
Please answer these questions correctly:
1. What was not a broad trend from 8000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.?
specialization of labor
expansion of feudalism
development of agriculture
advanced political organization
2. Which best describes a major belief of Hinduism?
monotheism
egalitarianism
reincarnation
Stoicism
3. Which best describes the geographic spread of Islam?
Muslim forces destroyed the Persian Empire and threatened Byzantium
Muslim missionaries entered through Italy and proselytized in Europe
Islam overran Jewish and Christian settlements in eastern Russia
Islam swept through and stayed entirely on the Arabian Peninsula
4. Which was not a cause of the Great European Witch Hunt?
colonial competition
religious divisions
unexplained phenomena
hatred of women
5. Which best describes an economic feature of the Islamic states in East Africa?
carpets and quilts fashioned for export
salt and copper imported from African interior
export of cotton textiles and indigo
production of polished gemstones and pearls
6. Which best describes the influence of the Mauryan Empire?
It provided the region with iron weapons
It spread Hindu beliefs throughout India
It freed peasantry from oppressive rule
It created India’s first centralized empire
7. Which was a key feature of trade and urbanization during Roman times?
The middle class reduced in size
Great merchants became the elites of Rome
Large landowners produced crops for export
Lower skilled workers suffered food shortages
8. Which best describes the purpose for Chinese reconnaissance in the Indian Ocean?
to find an all-water route to gold-rich Africa ad Arabia
to establish new trading and diplomatic partners
to retake traditional land routes such as the Silk Road
to defeat the Ottoman Turks in their colonization of India
9. Which best describes the rise of the Inca Empire?
People migrated and settled in the desolate highlands of the Andes
Trade with neighboring kingdoms encouraged a government takeover
Missionaries proselytized and converted neighboring city-states
A series of military campaigns led to the defeat of the Chimu kingdom
10. Which was not an effect of field rotation?
abundant harvests
raised dietary protein
decreased crop exports
higher productivity
11. Which is a basic feature of a civilization?
redistribution of land to the poor
formal political organization
reduction of religious rituals
egalitarian society
12. Which best describes a fundamental Daoist belief?
inward contemplation
nirvana
monotheism
ritual worship
13. Which was not a common religious belief of both Sunnis and Shiites?
The teachings of Mohammed are contained in the Qu’ran
The prophet’s son-in-law, Ali, was the true caliph
Submission to Allah means by living by the Five Pillars of Islam
Based on Mosaic Law, abstinence from alcohol and pork is required
14. Which best explains how Buddhist teachings affected gender roles?
Gender segregation in worship was established
Women were considered subordinate to men
Equality for some women was restored in China
Women could benefit from spiritual blessings
15. Which best describes how the Creole culture was formed in the Americas?
Native Americans and African slaves freely mingled and produced children with a mixed ethnic heritage
Nearly all Spanish immigrants were male, so children came from unions with Native Americans
Iberian-born Spanish families immigrated to the New World and intermarried to re-create a European-style society
Peoples of pure European ancestry who were born in the Americas created a dominant class over the natives
16. Which helped establish a common Islamic cultural foundation?
The ulama resolved public disputes based on sharia
Mosques were built throughout dar al-Islam
Anti-Sufism unified people in the Islamic world
The pilgrimage to Medina attracted all believers
17. Which best describes a practice of the early Christian Church based on the Apostle Paul’s teachings?
Fasting rituals on the Day of Atonement were instituted
Jewish dietary principles were adopted and implemented
Women were subordinated to men in Church ritual
Last Supper rituals superseded the preaching of sermons
18. Which best describes the role of women in Chinese society from c. 600 to c. 1450 C.E.?
Women served as teachers and writers
Women led the backlash against Buddhism
Women were educated to be good mothers
Women helped in reviving Confucianism
19. Which was not a major event during the first two and a half centuries of the Roman Empire?
A huge network of roads integrated the empire
Caeser Augutus’s reign ushered in pax romana
Victory over Carthage ensured naval superiority
Its territories were expanded to its greatest size
20. Which was an accomplishment of Kublai Khan?
He allowed Christian proselytizing in the western part of the empire
He replaced the Chinese calendar with the Persian calendar
He reestablished Confucian-style civil service examinations
He included Muslims in the highest bureaucratic offices of China
21. Which best describes the Enlightenment?
a philosophical belief system in eighteenth-century Europe that claimed that no one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior
a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a rebirth of Greco-Roman culture from the mid-fourteenth century to the early seventeenth-century in Europe
late seventeenth-century intellectual movement in Europe which was initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics
sixteenth-century religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church which resulted in the formation of several new Christian denominations
22. Which was a trend in gender issues from 8000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.?
Increased trade lessened gender division of labor
A growing economy led to work opportunities for women
The rise of agriculture led to greater gender inequality
Organized religion supported the rights of women
23. Which was not a method used by medieval European states to encourage growth?
Permanent foreign consulates were created to represent state interests
Foreign imports were replaced with domestically-financed new industries
Exploratory missions were established to look for new sources of raw materials
Merchants were guaranteed safe conduct while traveling to international markets
24. Which best describes a change that Mahayana ideas made to Buddhism?
belief that people can perfect their souls over time
worship of Buddha as a god with three bodies
adherence to eight moral elements of life
living of more moderate lives
25. Which was not a development in the Roman Empire that led to the Third-Century Crisis?
defense of the frontiers draining the treasury
population decline as a result endemic plague
frequent change of “barrack emperors”
Germanic tribes raiding deep into the Roman Empire
26. Which best explains the changing expectations of women in the early Islamic world?
Women slowly saw the right to engage in business ventures disappear
Women ultimately had to be escorted in public by male chaperones
Women gradually lost the right to initiate divorce from their husbands
Women eventually had legally inherited dowry property taken away
27. Which was an economic development of the Tang dynasty?
use of “flying cash” credit
integration of northern and southern trade
importation of exotic goods for the middle class
lowering of manufacturing and export tariffs
28. Which was not a popular interpretation about who Jesus of Nazareth was?
a philosopher who wanted to restore Judaism to its original state
an inspired individual who attempted to predict the future
a politically savvy man bent on using religion to gain power
a scholar-rabbi with support from the high Jewish priests
29. Which demographic change resulted from the transoceanic encounters of the early modern era?
Native American peoples had a population boom because of the new foods from Eurasia
Global population doubled by the year 1800 as a result of readily available and widely grown crops
Iberian middle classes were reduced as a result of emigration to New World colonies
Eurasian populations were decimated as a result of the spread of the bubonic plague
30. Which best describes a reason for the gradual union of the Greeks?
to merge arable land
to increase colonial territories
to guard against enemies
to enjoy shared religious practices
31. Which was not an area impacted by the Mongol conquest?
China
Persia
Japan
Russia
32. During the Classical era, which development reduced the risks associated with travel and stimulated long-distance trade?
Large imperial states were constructed that bordered on one another
Merchants bypassed land travel in favor of shipping goods by sea
Treaties and agreements on trade were concluded between empires
States created large armies assigned to protect traveling merchants
33. Which was not a key feature of feudal Japan?
Centralized government was modeled on Chinese bureaucracy
Elaborated protocol and refined conduct prevailed at court
Aristocratic clans controlled affairs from behind the royal throne
Provincial lords held all local economic and political power
34. Which was a cultural similarity in both Egypt and Mesopotamia?
pictograph writing
landed noble class
monotheistic belief
few slaves
35. Which was not a key feature of the Gupta Empire?
religious toleration
trade with Southeast Asia
centralized government
creation of the decimal system
36. Which best describes the political contribution of Clovis?
He broke relations with the Byzantine Empire to secure papal support
He maintained an elaborate bureaucracy to implement policies
He built an administrative apparatus to maintain his expansive realm
He unified Germanic tribes in Gaul under his central authority
37. Which was not a significant impact of the Indian Ocean sea lanes?
Mauryan era merchants discontinued the use of land routes
Indian products found markets in the Mediterranean Basin
The Romans established direct commercial relations with India
Indonesian goods traveled west to Arabia and East Africa
38. Which was not a factor restricting the growth of major sub-Saharan states?
differing social and belief systems with divergent rituals
fluctuating climate that prevented increase in population growth
two thousand distinct and separate languages and dialects
elite culture established by imperialistic armies from northern areas
39. Which describes economic conditions in the Spanish Caribbean during the Age of Exploration?
Taino Indians were forced to work in gold mines while the Spanish exported gold back to Europe
Spanish conquerors built forts and trading posts where merchants traded with local peoples for products sold in European markets
Native islanders produced new agricultural crops on plantations, which the Spanish exploited for their own profit
Jesuit priests educated and trained the native islanders as craftsmen of European products for lower wages
40. Which was not a core objective of Confucianism?
to encourage ancestor veneration and filial piety
to restore the strong customs of China’s glorious past
to strengthen moral devotion to the high god, Di
to promote strong family units to create a strong civilization
41. Which was not a migration pattern of early humans?
founding communities in colder regions
travelling out of Africa in search of food
crossing land bridges to uninhabited regions
journeying south away from melting glaciers
42. Which best explains how Zoroastrianism was a precursor to Judaism?
Zoroastrianism trained believers to live sparingly and modestly
Zoroastrianism was the first to focus beliefs on a single supreme god
Zoroastrianism taught meditation to achieve harmony with God
Zoroastrianism focused on proper dietary precepts acceptable to God
43. Which was a political development of the Song dynasty?
A loose confederation of states appeared
Powerful local kingdoms emerged
A dominant centralized administration grew
Feudalistic warlord regional rule surfaced
44. Which was not a broad trend from 1450 to 1750 in global power?
Gunpowder empires dominated the first two centuries
Nations of Europe grew in military and scientific capacity
Europeans colonized the Americas and coasts of Africa
Regional wars led to emergence of China as a world power
45. Which was the cause of the Trojan War?
Paris enticed Helen to abandon her husband and return with him to Troy
King Priam rejected Menelaus’s and Odyssues’s offer of peace negotiations
Sparta’s army, in full force, surrounded Troy to demand the return of its queen
Achilles’s death at the hands of Hector required retribution on the city of Troy
46. Which best describes the significance of the hemispheric trading zone?
Networks of communication and exchange were established throughout eastern Europe
Systematic overland caravan trade slowly ended as maritime trade dominated
Conventional commercial trade on the Silk Roads dwindled as African routes emerged
Elaborate trade networks transformed into straightforward routes in the Mediterranean
47. Which best describes a trend in Ming art?
full development of the Chinese novel
monochromatic ink brush paintings
colorful frescoes on walls of palaces
advanced textile production in silk
48. What was not a new technology in the late centuries B.C.E. that allowed domesticated animals to transport goods?
saddle
yoke
cart
stirrups
49. Which best describes the Jewish Diaspora?
capture of the Jewish people by the Chaldeans and captivity in Babylonia for sixty-five years
division of Israelites into twelve groups or family tribes in which they rules their own states separately
uprising of Jewish slaves against the Egyptian pharaoh which led the their exodus out of Egypt into Canaan
diffusion of groups of Jewish people all over the Middle East in which they maintained their religion, identity, and social customs
50. Which best describes an action take by the Hindu kingdoms of southern India?
built a tightly nationalized empire
invaded each other constantly, resulting in chronic war
created small, loosely administered states
eliminated religious toleration for Muslims
51. Which was not an agricultural innovation of the Neolithic revolution?
irrigation
fallow fields
migratory farming
swidden agriculture
52. Which best describes the role of the papacy in the Middle Ages?
strengthened the Christian church by aligning policies with secular kings
claimed supreme ecclesiastical and political authority over Europe
mobilized and defended Christian kings against pagan aggressors
supported secular rulers by conducting church rituals in the vernacular
53. Which was not a similarity between slavery and serfdom?
Slaves and serfs were both compelled to work the master’s lands
Slaves and serfs both paid rent with a portion of their own harvest
Neither system allowed real freedom of movement
Administration of justice was always in the master’s hands
54. Which was an outcome of the Peloponnesian War?
Athens was so weakened by the war that despite its victory, it could not hold a coalition of city-states together
Athens and Sparta were so destabilized by the war that Persia was finally able to conquer all of Greece
Despite its victory, Sparta was so despised for its anti-democratic policies that is was unable to unite Greece
As a result of its population loss, Sparta was unable to turn its victory into any real leadership role in Greece
55. Which was not a basic feature of polytheistic religions prior to 600 C.E.?
Many revere their ancestors or forbearers as well as believe in otherworldly beings
Female gods outweigh male gods because of the importance of fertility rituals
Multiple gods represent different elements of life and the afterlife or the natural world
Large groups of people celebrate varied gods and practice different elements of their faith
56. Which was a challenge that societies in sub-Saharan Africa faced between 3000 B.C.E. and 1000 B.C.E.?
Women were subservient to men
There was a large population growth of Bantu peoples
Arable land areas were undersized and sparse
Independent city-states were organized
57. Which was not a centralizing effort of the Franks?
created an alliance with the Roman Catholic Church
wiped out any remaining Roman authority in Gaul
ousted other Germanic tribes on the Frankish borders
abolished Roman bureaucracy in favor of tribal law
58. Which was a fundamental characteristic of the Shang civilization?
heavily urbanized areas with large populations
domination of large areas through bronze technologies
advanced shipping and export economies
success without the benefit of major river systems
59. Which is not a major principle of Judaism?
monotheistic belief
virtuous behavior
anti-slave tenet
charitable acts
60. Which best describes African architecture?
arched buildings supported by flying buttresses
low one-stories buildings for individual housing
impressive stone buildings built without mortar
long houses for communal, multi-family dwellings
61. Which was not an impact of the Agricultural Revolution on the environment?
deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients
disappearance of large species of mammals
growth of wild grains and supplies of game
increased migration to unpopulated areas
62. Which was a contribution of Hellenic culture to the world?
advanced the belief in a single god with dominion over all people
devised the world’s first written code of law favoring elites over commoners
constructed an alphabet made up of both vowels and consonants
developed sophisticated irrigation systems to increase crop output
63. Which was not a key accomplishment of the Srivijayan Empire?
embraced civil service examinations for bureaucratic elite
created architectural legacy in the Borobudur temple complex
accepted Hinduism and Buddhism from neighboring India
gained control of maritime trade routes in southeastern Asia
64. In Wealth of Nations, which economic concept does Adam Smith promote with the quote below?
“Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for promoting that of the consumer.“
regulated markets
colonial exports
government subsidies
free competition
65. Which was not an accomplishment of Justinian?
He launched a systematic review of Roman law that served to inspire legal codes for centuries
He initiated a military campaign to reconquer the western Roman Empire from Germanic tribes
He revitalized the empire’s finances by instituting a new comprehensive tax code for all classes
He embarked on an ambitious construction program that remade and beautified Constantinople
66. Which was a cultural legacy of Rome?
a thriving musical community composed primarily of Greek and Syrian artists
the outstanding Parthenon temple atop the Acropolis in Athens, Greece
independent city-states throughout the empire empowered to enact their own laws
acceptance of Christianity with its appeal of hops in a glorious afterlife for ordinary Romans
67. Which was not a role of women in the High Middle Ages?
to manage household work
to participate in city government
to perform agricultural tasks
to work as skilled artisans
68. Which describes the impact of slave trading?
The slave trade progressively led to population losses in southwest Asia
Slaves gradually outstripped exports of gold, silver, and ivory
Slave raiding increasingly became the leading activity in Africa
European landowners replaced serf labor with slave labor
69. Which was not a cultural change in post-Han China?
Confucianism faded while Daoism flourished
Buddhism formed the base of political unity
Nomadic peoples were increasingly sinicized
The elite adopted speculative philosophy
70. Which view did Aristotle hold that opposed the views held by Socrates and Plato?
Rule by the intellectual aristocracy is preferred over democracy
States should be governed by middle class workers and farmers
Monarchy is the most natural and reliable form of government
The best government is one between oligarchy and democracy
71. Which cultural tradition did the Olmecs and Maya have in common?
sculpted colossal human heads for religious purposes
produced large numbers of decorative objects from jade
named their kings after menacing names of lethal predators
built large ceremonial centers around temple complexes
72. Which was the role of cathedral schools in the High Middle Ages?
to prepare men and women for the hold order of monasticism and the convnet
to provide a primary education for the children of urban workers and peasants
to trains individuals for the increasingly complicated political and legal professions
to synthesize the philosophies of Islam and Judaism with Christian belief
73. Which was not an impact of the Neolithic revolution on gender relations?
Household self-sufficiency became the work of men
Matriarchy-ruled agricultural societies emerged
Women lost social standing and freedoms in society
Bearing children became the primary occupation for women
74. Which was Prussia’s motivation in the Partitions of Poland?
to gain access to warm-water ports on the Baltic
to unite the previously separated sections of the realm
to prevent Ottoman Turkish aggression in Europe
to match French holdings in east-central Europe
75. How were cultural traditions in Christianity transformed as the culture spread?
Beliefs about Jesus as a mortal human being became centralized rather than the belief that he was a god and therefore divine
Women were eventually allowed to serve as priests because of great powers attributed to Jesus’s mother, the Virgin Mary
Familiar Greek and Roman philosophical traditions were reconciled with Christianity as the educated Roman class converted
Christian worship of a father and a mother in heaven was eventually changed to the simple worship of Jesus Christ as the single supreme deity
76. Which best describes Byzantium’s economy?
A small group of middle class merchants provided the base of the empire’s economy through trade with Rome
Wealthy landowning elites created the majority of wealth in the empire through slave labor working on large plantations
Large classes of free peasants who served in the army and worked on their small farms were the backbone of a robust agricultural economy
Land ownership and merchant trade were controlled exclusively by the emperor and his immediate family
77. Which is an example of popular religion in the High Middle Ages?
veneration of saints’ relics and their physical remains
acceptance of poverty as a sign one’s soul was to be saved
worship of individual popes as seers and prophets of God
fascination with Aristotelian predictions of the heavens
78. Which best traces the arrival of Christianity in Africa?
Christianity traveled to the island of Madagascar through Portuguese imperialism
Christianity was founded by merchants from southwest Asia on the eastern Swahili coast
Christianity reached the kingdom of Mali and West Africa through the travel of Ibn Battuta
Christianity established a foothold in modern-day Ethiopia from Mediterranean converts
79. Which best describes the political structure of the Roman Republic?
Plebeian-dominated assemblies originated all legislation with veto power from the Senate
Military generals led an executive branch with absolute authority over the legislature
Plebeians and patricians were equally represented in the legislative body, the Senate
Power was centered in the aristocratic Senate who advised consuls and ratified all decisions
80. Which best describes a purpose for ancient Egyptian art?
to illustrate the dangers of life without the gods
to create objects for funerary and religious rituals
to depict the daily struggles of peasants and slaves
to portray the ideal family life of everyday citizens